NSMT National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan NSM University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, USA NFRC Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Canada NMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria NMPC National Museum (Natural History), Prague, Czech Republic NHRS Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden NFVG Niedersächsische Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Göttingen, Germany
MZPW Museum of the Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
MZH Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France MNCN Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA LPNC Collection of Pierre-Nicolas Libert, Somal, Belgium IRSNB Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP), Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France INHS Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, USA HNHM Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary HMUG Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom Specimens examined or mentioned are deposited in the following collections:ĪNSP Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA īMNH The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom ĬEH Collection of Erik Heibo, Lierskogen, Norway ĬMH Collection of Mikk Heidemaa, Tartu, Estonia ĬMV Collection of Matti Viitasaari, Helsinki, Finland ĬNC Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada ĬOL Collection of Ole Lønnve, Oslo, Norway ĬVV Collection of Veli Vikberg, Turenki, Finland ĬTN Collection of Thierry Noblecourt, Quillan, France ĮJC Collection of Ewald Jansen, Leipzig, Germany ĮTHZ Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule-Zentrum, Zurich, Switzerland The application of COI barcoding to Pristiphora revealed that COI cannot be reliably used for species identification in roughly half of the species, and that nuclear genes seem to work better for that purpose. However, as there are also numerous taxonomic problems within Nematinae, the exact nature of barcoding failure is in many cases uncertain. 2017), particularly in Nematinae (table 2 in Schmidt et al. 2016), but there are indications of significant barcoding failure in some groups of sawflies ( Schmidt et al. This often works rather well ( Pentinsaari et al. Mitochondrial COI barcodes are widely used for species identification. Here we estimate the phylogeny of Pristiphora based on expanded taxon sampling and three genes: one mitochondrial ( COI) and two nuclear ( NaK and TPI). The most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Pristiphora so far published were part of broader analyses dealing mainly with higher level relationships of Nematinae ( Nyman et al. However, delimiting species belonging to the carinata ( Lygaeotus), micronematica ( Lygaeophora), and rufipes (also known as thalictri or aquilegiae group) groups requires additional research. For convenience, the recently revised ruficornis species group ( Prous et al.
We provide photos of lancets and penis valves, an electronic key employing a large number of characters, and a dichotomous key using the most reliable characters for species identification. Here we revise the species found in the North-Western Palaearctic Region (defined here as Scandinavia and its neighbouring regions) and delimit several species groups (some of them previously treated as genera or subgenera) using molecular and morphological data. Problems in identifying species of Pristiphora, and Nematinae in general, are exacerbated by inherent difficulties caused by the large number of species and a lack of discrete characters suitable for separating them. Both Haris (2006b) and Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev (1988), studied only few types, included many species based on literature, and uncritically accepted characters used in previous keys. The most comprehensive key for Pristiphora in terms of number of species and geographic scope (Palaearctic) was published by Haris (2006b), but it is mostly based on previous keys and species descriptions. The key by Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev (1988) includes more species because of wider geographic scope and new species described since Benson (1958). Benson’s (1958) key is outdated and geographically restricted (British Isles). The main keys available for the majority of West Palaearctic species are those of Benson (1958) and Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev (1988). About half of these (120) are known in the West Palaearctic. (2014), is the second largest genus in Nematinae ( Tenthredinidae), including about 240 species ( Taeger et al. Pristiphora Latreille, 1810, as defined by Prous et al.
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